Etude de la Maladie du Bayoud, le Comportement Varietal du Palmier Dattier vis-a-vis du Fusarium Oxysporum F. SP. Albedinis dans la Vallee du M’Zab

Abstract

The phoenicultural heritage of the M’zab region is characterized by a high biodiversity and a large number of cultivars. However, the palm groves of the M’zab region are an extremely favorable environment for the development of fungal diseases. This work aims to study the Bayoud disease of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in the M’zab valley, this disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis quarantine organism, poses a serious threat of Algerian palm groves on the economic and social plan. Several exploitations were visited at three sites in the M’zab valley, Laâdira, El Ghaba (Ghardaïa) and Ahbas (El Atteuf). Six dominant varieties from the M’zab region. Six dominant varieties from the M’zab region: Tamdjouhert, Tdalt, Tazerzayt, Ighes n Wutchidhen, Ut Qbala and Deglet-Nour have been tracked for their behavior towards Bayoud. A work to isolate the studied fungus and macroscopic and microscopic characterization was carried out at the laboratory of the Regional Plant Protection Station in Ghardaïa. Our results revealed the existence of a variation in the level of resistance or varietal sensitivity between the six cultivars monitored for the disease studied; Tamdjouhert and Tazerzayt are fairly resistant (tolerant) cultivars to Bayoud. However, the Deglet-Nour, Ut Qbala, Tdalt and Ighes n Wutchidhen varieties are considered to be susceptible varieties.